Popu Tion Societies
نویسنده
چکیده
The future of pensions has been a prominent issue in French public debate for at least fifteen years. Two key events were the release of the report entitled “Aging in Solidarity” (Vieillir solidaires) by the State Planning Commission (Commissariat Général du Plan) in 1986 [1, 2] and that of the “White Paper on Pensions” (Livre blanc sur les retraites) in 1991 [3]. Since then, the topic has stayed on the social agenda, with the “Balladur reform” in 1993, the attempt to extend the latter to special pension systems in 1995, the Charpin report in 1999 [4], and the establishment of the Pension Steering Committee (Conseil d’Orientation des Retraites) in 2000, which submitted its first report in fall 2001 [5]. The debate persists because pension systems are bulky, complex entities that can only evolve very slowly, but also because of the difficulty of agreeing on the demographic prospects and their impact on pension systems. However, the discussion has made progress. With the first generations of baby-boomers approaching retirement (figure 1), we can identify the initial disagreements that have now been smoothed over and the issues that remain problematic.
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Popu Tion Societies
There is surprising evidence that the number of unwanted pregnancies ending in abortions has held relatively constant in France for the past twenty years, notwithstanding the spread of modern contraceptive methods which can be assumed to be highly effective. We first review the circumstances of modern contraceptive prevalence, then attempt to identify whether it has been consistent across all s...
متن کاملPopu Tion Societies
On 1st January 2003, the population of metropolitan France was estimated to be 59.6 million, plus a further 1.8 million living in the French overseas departments, bringing the total to 61.4 million [1]. The population in metropolitan France increased by nearly 290,000 people (+ 0.5%) in 2002. This was very similar to 2001, with a slight fall in the surplus of births over deaths (natural increas...
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متن کاملPopu Tion Societies
The last French census (1999) found that almost all over-60s had been married only once. Both divorce and new union formation are uncommon at these ages, and conjugal life is most likely to be ended by the death of the lifetime partner. But probability of spousal loss is not the same for men and women. Excess male mortality coupled with partner age differentials (wives averaging three years you...
متن کاملPopu Tion Societies
Divorce and end-of-union rates have risen sharply over the past thirty years, and a growing number of children have to cope with parental separation: one non-adult child in four among recent birth cohorts (box 1). Education, too, has changed radically over recent decades; it has been “democratized”—become accessible to all—and the period of compulsory education is now substantially longer. The ...
متن کاملPopu Tion Societies
P children are a largely undocumented population group because they are hard to identify in the standard statistical sources (census, registration data) (see box 1). Now, however, the picture has been filled out by the “Family History Survey” linked to the 1999 population census. The survey was designed by the Insee with assistance from Ined, and covers a sample of 380,000 people over the age o...
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